This is a quick reference to the most commonly used built in functions and variables.
compress -c file.txt > file.Z Create a compressed file.
uuencode (infile) (extract-file-name) > (output file)
Converts a binary file to an ASCII file for transfer by modem or email
uudecode (encoded file)
Extracts a binary file from encoded file and calls it the extract-file-name
examples :-
uuencode maymap maymap > maymap.enc
uudecode maymap.enc
od -c /tmp Displays contents of the /tmp directory file
ls -i Lists files with their inode numbers
echo * Lists files, can be used if ls is corrupt/missing
chtz (timezone eg GMT0BST) Changes the timezone in /etc/environment file
chlang (language eg En_GB) Changes the language in /etc/environment file
ar -v -t (archive file) List contents of an archive
ar -v -x (archive file) Extracts the archive
ar -v -t /usr/lib/libC-r.a Lists contents of the libC_r.a library
find /source -print | cpio -pdm /target
Copying directories using cpio, creates /target/source directory.
dump -nTv (binary executable) Displays the contents of an executable file
dump -c Displays string information
dump -o Displays object file headers
dump -l Displays line numbers
dump -s Displays the text section
snap -ao /dev/rmt0 Create a snapshot onto tape
snap -ad (directory) Create a snapshot into a named directory other
than the default (/tmp/ibmsupt)
/usr/dt/bin/dtconfig -d Disables desktop logins
/usr/dt/bin/dtconfig -e Enables desktop logins
/var/dt/Xpid PID of the dtlogin process
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LICENSES / SOFTWARE INSTALLATION
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lslicense Displays number of current user licenses
chlicense -u (number) Changes the number of user licenses
( ftp,rexec and rsh (without -i flag) do not need an AIX user license to be
able to access the system. )
oslevel Returns operating system level
4 . 3 . 3 . 0 --------- Preventive Maintenance Level
| | |
| | +----------------Modification
| +--------------------Release
+------------------------Version
oslevel -l 4.3.3.0 Displays all filesets that are "downlevel"
whence (program) Returns full path of program
whereis (program) Returms full path of program
what (program) Displays identifying info from the executable
like version number, when compiled.
lslpp -L all list all installed software
lslpp -L (program set name) Check if software installed
lslpp -f Lists filesets vs packages
lslpp -ha Lists installation history of filesets
lslpp -w /usr/bin/swapon Lists the fileset that the file belongs to
lppchk -c Checks file checksums against SWVPD
lppchk -l Checks symbolic links against SWVPD
instfix -ik (fix number eg IX66617) Checks id fix is installed
instfix -ik 4330-02_AIX_ML
instfix -i | grep ML Displays all ML's installed
instfix -k IX38794 -d /dev/cd0 Installs a fix from cdrom
/usr/sbin/install_assist Smitty Installation Assistant
/usr/sys/inst.images/sys.bundles Software bundle files
alt_disk_install -c hdisk1 Clones a running rootvg onto hdisk1
alt_disk_install -w Wakes up alt vg
alt_disk_install -s Sends alt vg to sleep !
alt_disk_install -x Removes alt vg from disk
/usr/lpp/bosinst/blvset -d /dev/hdisk0 -p 4.2
Resets the pad string in the BLV to the correct AIX version. Needed if the
migration option is missing when installing.
installp -ad (device) (fileset) (level) Install apply and commit fileset
installp -pad (device) (fileset) (level) Preview install
installp -u (fileset) Remove fileset
installp -ld (device) List all software on device
example:-
installp -pad /dev/rmt0 X11.base 4.3.3.0
installp -C Cleans up after a premature cancel or interrupted installation.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TERMINALS / DISPLAYS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/share/lib/terminfo Directory with all support terminal info files.
tty Displays what the tty/pty number of the terminal is.
termdef reports the termtype setup in smit for the tty port
that termdef is run on.
chdev -l (device eg tty1) -a term=vt100 Sets tty to a vt100 terminal type
penable tty0 adds getty line into /etc/inittab for tty0 and starts getty
pdisable tty0 disables the getty line and disables getty
penable / pdisable -a option is for all
stty erase ^? Set backspace key for vt100 terminals
stty erase ^H Set backspace key for wyse50 terminals
lscons Displays the console device
chcons -a login=enable (device eg /dev/tty1) Changes the console device
lsdisp Display adapter device information
chdisp Change default display used by LFT subsystem
Create ttys on ports 0 to 7 on adapter sa2 :-
for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
do
mkdev -c tty1 -t tty -s rs232 -p sa2 -w$i -a login=enable -a term=vt100
done
portmir -t /dev/tty0 Mirror current terminal onto /dev/tty0
portmir -o Turns off port mirroring
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NETWORK
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
host (ip or hostname) Resolves a hostname / ip address
hostname Displays hostname
hostname (hostname) Sets the hostname until next reboot
lsdev -Cc if Lists all available/defined network interfaces
chdev -l (device name) -a hostname=(hostname) Changes hostname permanently
chdev -l inet0 -a hostname=thomas
ifconfig (device name) Displays network card settings
ifconfig (device name) up Turns on network card
chdev -l (device name) -a state=up Turns on network card
ifconfig (device name) down Turns off network card
ifconfig (device name) detach Removes the network card from the
network interface list
ifconfig en0 inet 194.35.52.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
ifconfig lo0 alias 195.60.60.1 Create alias ip address for loopback
route (add/delete) (-net/-host) (destination) (gateway)
Adds or deletes routes to other networks or hosts, does not update
the ODM database and will be lost at reboot.
route add -net 194.60.89.0 194.60.90.4
chdev -l inet0 -a "net,-hopcount,1,-netmask,255.255.255.0,207.156.168.0,10.0.15.254"
(destination) ( gateway )
Adds route and adds entry into ODM, route survives a reboot,
route -rn Display route table
odmget -q "attribute=route" CuAt Displays routes in the ODM.
lsattr -EHl inet0 Displays routes set in ODM and hostname
odmget -q "name=inet0" CuAt Displays routes set in ODM and hostname
refresh -s inetd Refresh inetd after changes to inetd.conf
kill -1 (inetd PID) Refresh inetd after changes to inted.conf
netstat -i Displays interface statistics
entstat -d (ethernet adapter eg en0) Displays ethernet statistics
arp -a Displays ip to mac address table from arp cache
no -a Displays network options use -o to set individual options or
-d to set individual options to default.
no -o option=value (this value is reset at reboot)
no -o "ipforwarding=1"
traceroute (name or ipaddress) Displays all the hops from source to
destination supplied.
ping -R (hostname or ipaddress) Same as traceroute except repeats.
spray (hostname or ipaddress) Send a stream of packets to a host
stopsrc -g tcpip Stops all running TCP/IP daemons
/etc/tcp.clean Stops all running TCP/IP daemons and removes all
lock files
/etc/rc.tcpip Start all TCP/IP daemons.
Do not use startsrc -g tcpip as this will start all
TCP/IP daemons including routed & gated
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N.F.S.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
exportfs Lists all exported filesystems
exportfs -a Exports all fs's in /etc/exports file
exportfs -u (filesystem) Un-exports a filesystem
mknfs Configures and starts NFS services
rmnfs Stops and un-configures NFS services
mknfsexp -d /directory Creates an NFS export directory
mknfsmnt Creates an NFS mount directory
mount hostname:/filesystem /mount-point Mount an NFS filesystem
nfso -a Display NFS Options
nfso -o option=value Set an NFS Option
nfso -o nfs_use_reserved_port=1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BACKUPS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MKSYSB
------
mkszfile -f Creates /image.data file (4.x onwards)
mkszfile -X Creates /fs.size file (3.x)
mksysb -i (device of file) Creates a mksysb image
mksysb does not save any raw data and will not backup a filesystem that
is not mounted.
SAVEVG
------
savevg -if (device or file) (vg) Creates a savevg image
restvg -q -f (device or file) Restore from a savevg image
Ensure that the restvg command is run from /
mkvgdata (vg) Creates new vgname.data file
CPIO ARCHIVE
------------
find (filesystem) -print | cpio -ocv > (filename or device)
eg find ./usr/ -print | cpio -ocv > /dev/rmt0
CPIO RESTORE
------------
cpio -ict < (filename or device) | more Lists archive
cpio -icdv < (filename or device)
cpio -icdv < (filename or device) ("files or directories to restore")
eg cpio -icdv < /dev/rmt0 "tcpip/*" Restore directory and contents
cpio -icdv < /dev/rmt0 "*resolve.conf" Restore a named file
TAR ARCHIVE
-----------
tar -cvf (filename or device) ("files or directories to archive")
eg tar -cvf /dev/rmt0 "/usr/*"
TAR RESTORE
-----------
tar -tvf (filename or device) Lists archive
tar -xvf (filename or device) Restore all
tar -xvf (filename or device) ("files or directories to restore")
use -p option for restoring with orginal permissions
eg tar -xvf /dev/rmt0 "tcpip" Restore directory and contents
tar -xvf /dev/rmt0 "tcpip/resolve.conf" Restore a named file
AIX ARCHIVE
-----------
find (filesystem) -print | backup -iqvf (filename or device)
Backup by filename.
eg find /usr/ -print | backup -iqvf /dev/rmt0
backup -(backup level 0 to 9) -f (filename or device) ("filesystem")
Backup by inode.
eg backup -0 -f /dev/rmt0 "/usr" -u option updates /etc/dumpdates file
AIX RESTORE
-----------
restore -qTvf (filename or device) Lists archive
restore -qvxf (filename or device) Restores all
restore -qvxf (filename or device) ("files or directories to restore")
(use -d for restore directories)
restore -qvxf /dev/rmt0.1 "./etc/passwd" Restore /etc/passwd file
restore -s4 -qTvf /dev/rmt0.1 Lists contents of a mksysb tape
BACKUPS ACROSS A NETWORK
------------------------
To run the backup on a local machine (cpio) and backup on the remote
machine's (remhost) tape drive (/dev/rmt0)
find /data -print | cpio -ocv | dd obs=32k | rsh remhost \
"dd ibs=32k obs=64k of=/dev/rmt0"
To restore/read the backup (cpio) on the remote machine
dd ibs=64k if=/dev/rmt0 | cpio -icvt
To restore/read the backup (cpio) on the local machine from the remote
machine's (remhost) tape drive (/dev/rmt0)
rsh remhost "dd ibs=64k obs=32k if=/dev/rmt0" | dd ibs=32k \
| cpio -icvt
To run the backup (cpio) on a remote machine (remhost) and backup to
the local machines tape drive (/dev/rmt0)
rsh remhost "find /data -print | cpio -ocv | dd ibs=32k" \
| dd ibs=32k obs=64k of=/dev/rmt0
tar cBf - . | rsh remhost "dd ibs=512 obs=512 of=/dev/rmt0"
Same as above but using tar instead of cpio.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copying diskettes and tape
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COPYING DISKETTES
-----------------
dd if=/dev/fd0 of=(filename) bs=36b
dd if=(filename) of=/dev/fd0 bs=36b conv=sync or flcopy
COPYING TAPES
-------------
dd if=/dev/rmt0 of=(filename)
dd if=(filename) of=/dev/rmt0 or tcopy
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VI Commands
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
:g/xxx/s//yyy/ global change where xxx is to be changed by yyy
sed 's(ctrl v ctrl m)g//g' old.filename > new.filename
Strips out ^M characters from ascii files that have been transferred as binary.
To enter crontrol characters type ctrl v then ctrl ? where ? is whatever
ctrl character you need.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DEVICES
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lscfg lists all installed devices
lscfg -v lists all installed devices in detail
lscfg -vl (device name) lists device details
bootinfo -b reports last device the system booted from
bootinfo -k reports keyswitch position
1=secure, 2=service, 3=normal
bootinfo -r reports amount of memory (/ by 1024)
bootinfo -s (disk device) reports size of disk drive
bootinfo -T reports type of machine
ie rspc,rs6ksmp,rspc or chrp
lsattr -El sys0 -a realmem reports amount of useable memory
mknod (device) c (major no) (minor no) Creates a /dev/ device file.
mknod /dev/null1 c 2 3
lsdev -C lists all customised devices ie installed
lsdev -P lists all pre-defined devices ie supported
lsdev -(C or P) -c (class) -t (type) -s (subtype)
chdev -l (device) -a (attribute)=(new value) Change a device attribute
chdev -l sys0 -a maxuproc=80
lsattr -EH -l (device) -D Lists the defaults in the pre-defined db
lsattr -EH -l sys0 -a modelname
rmdev -l (device) Change device state from available to defined
rmdev -l (device) -d Delete the device
rmdev -l (device) -SR S stops device, R unconfigures child devices
lsresource -l (device) Displays bus resource attributes of a device.
cfgmgr Configures devices
cfgmgr -i /dev/cd0 Configure devices and install drivers from /dev/cd0
if required
cfgmgr -S Run in serial, used with a larger number of disks
cfgmgr -l scsi0 Configure devices on adapter scsi0 only
diag Run hardware diagnostic menu
smitty diag Run hardware diagnostic menu
( 7020-40P and 7248-43P machines cannot run diagnostics, use diagnostics
in the SMS menus instead )
diag -d (device) Run diagnostics against a device.
lsslot Displays all hot swap slots
lsslot -c pci Lists all pci hot swap slots
lsslot -c pci -a Lists all available pci hot swap slots
drslot Reconfgiures PCI hot-plug slots
drslot -i -c pci -s U0.1-P1-I3 Display a slot, flashes the LED next to
the slot so that it can be identified.
Power Management (PCI machines)
-------------------------------
pmctrl -a Displays the Power Management state
rmdev -l pmc0 Unconfigure Power Management
mkdev -l pmc0 Configure Power Management
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TAPE DRIVES
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
rmt0.x where x = A + B + C
A = density 0 = high 4 = low
B = retension 0 = no 2 = yes
C = rewind 0 = yes 1 = no
tctl -f (tape device) fsf (No) Skips forward (No) tape markers
tctl -f (tape device) bsf (No) Skips back (No) tape markers
tctl -f (tape device) rewind Rewind the tape
tctl -f (tape device) offline Eject the tape
tctl -f (tape device) status Show status of tape drive
chdev -l rmt0 -a block_size=512 changes block size to 512 bytes
(4mm = 1024, 8mm = variable but
1024 recommended)
dd if=/dev/rmt0 bs=128k count=1 | wc -c
Displays the block size of an unknow tape. Set block size to 0 first.
bootinfo -e answer of 1 = machine can boot from a tape drive
answer of 0 = machine CANNOT boot from tape drive
diag -c -d (tape device) Hardware reset a tape drive.
diag -c -d rmt0
tapechk (No of files) Checks Number of files on tape.
< /dev/rmt0 Rewinds the tape !!!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRINTERS / PRINT QUEUES
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
splp (device) Displays/changes printer driver settings
splp /dev/lp0
export $LPDEST="pqname" Set default printer queue for login session
lsvirprt Lists/changes virtual printer attributes.
lsallq Displays all queues
rmvirprt -q queuename -d queuedevice Removes a virtual printer
qpri -#(job No) -a(new priority) Change a queue job priority.
qhld -#(job No) Put a hold on hold
qhld -r #(job No) Release a held job
qchk -A Status of jobs in queues
lpstat
lpstat -p(queue) Status of jobs in a named queue
qcan -x (job No) Cancel a job from a queue
cancel (job No)
enq -U -P(queue) Enable a queue
enable (queue)
enq -D -P(queue) Disable a queue
disable (queue)
qmov -m(new queue) -#(job No) Move a job to another queue
startsrc -s qdaemon Start qdaemon sub-system
lssrc -s qdaemon List status of qdaemon sub-system
stop -s qdaemon Stop qdaemon sub-system
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FILE SYSTEMS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Physical Volumes (PV's)
-----------------------
lspv Lists all physical volumes (hard disks)
lspv (pv) Lists the physical volume details
lspv -l (pv) Lists the logical volumes on the physical volume
lspv -p (pv) Lists the physical partition usage for that PV
lspv -M (pv) Lists the PP allocation table for that PV.
If the PV state is "missing" but the disk is okay, use "varyonvg vg" to change
the state of the PV to "active".
chdev -l (pv) -a pv=yes Makes a new hdisk a pysical volume.
chpv -v r (pv) Removes a disk from the system.
chpv -v a (pv) Adds the removed disk back into the system.
chpv -a y (pv) Changes pv allocatable state to YES
chpv -a n (pv) Changes pv allocatable state to NO
migratepv (old pv) (new pv) Moves all LV's from one PV to another PV, both
PV's must be in the same volume group.
Migratepv cannot migrate striped logical volumes, use cplv and rmlv.
replacepv (old pv) (new pv) (4.3.3 onwards)
Volume Groups (VG's)
--------------------
lsvg Lists all volume groups
lsvg (vg) Lists the volume group details
lsvg -l (vg) Lists all logical volumes in the volume group
lsvg -p (vg) Lists all physical volumes in the volume group
lsvg -o Lists all varied on volume groups
varyonvg (vg) Vary On a volume group
varyonvg -f (vg) Forces the varyon process
varyonvg -s (vg) Vary on a VG in maintenance mode. LV commands can be
used on VG, but LV,s cannot be opened for I/O.
varyoffvg (vg) Vary Off a volume group
synclvodm (vg) Tries to resync VGDA, LV control blocks and ODM.
synclvodm -v (vg) Rebuilds the LVCB.
(the vg needs to be varied on before running synclvodm)
mkvg -y(vg) -s(PP size) (pv) Create a volume group
mkvg -y datavg -s 4 hdisk1
reducevg (vg) (pv) Removes a volume group
reducevg -d (vg) (pv) Removes a volume group and delete all LV's on the PV
reducevg (vg) (PVID) Removes the PVID disk reference from the VGDA when a
disk has vanished without the reducevg (vg) (pv)
command being run first.
reducevg -df (vg) (pv) Deletes all LV's from the VG and removes the VG
from the disk. If the last disk in the VG then
the VG is deleted.
extendvg (vg) (new pv) Adds another PV into a VG.
exportvg (vg) Exports the volume group, removes the VG entries and
removes all FS entries from /etc/filesystems but
leaves the mount points.
Note : Cannot export a VG if it has active paging space, turn off paging,
reboot before exporting VG. Exporting removes entries from filesystems
file but does not remove the mount points.
chvg -a y (vg) Auto Vary On a volume group at system start.
chvg -u (vg) Unlocks a locked volume group.
lqueryvg -Atp (pv) Details volume group info for the hard disk.
importvg -y (vg name) (pv) Import a volume group from a disk.
importvg (pv) Same as above but VG will be called vg00 etc.
4.3 onwards, importvg will automatically varyon the VG.
chvg -Q (y/n) (vg name) Turns on/off Quorum checking on a VG.
reorgvg (vg) (lv) Reorganised a fragmented LV, must state an LV at the
command line else the first LV in the VG is picked.
Does not reorg the PP's of striped LV's.
Logical Volumes (LV's)
----------------------
lslv (lv) Lists the logical volume details
lslv -l (lv) Lists the physical volume which the LV is on
lsattr -EHl (lv) Displays more logical volume details
mklv (vg) (No of PP's) (pv Name optional) Create a logical volume
mklv -y (lv) (PP's) (pv name optional) Creates a named logical volume
( use -t jfs2 when creating an LV for a JFS2 filesystem )
chlv -n (new lv) (old lv) Rename a logical volume
chlv -x (number) (lv) Change max no of PP's
chlv -s n (lv) Turns of strickness on the LV
extendlv (lv) (extra No of PP's) Increase the size of an LV
rmlv (lv) Remove a logical volume
cplv -v (vg to copy to) -y (new lv) (lv) Copy an LV to a new LV
If copying a filesystem LV, umount the filesystem before copying, otherwise you
will have to filesystemcheck the the new LV before the filesystem can be mounted.
If copying a striped LV to an LV that is already created, and the stripe
size is different ( or not even striped ), then these new parameters are
maintained when the data is copied to the new LV.
cplv -e (new lv) (old lv) Copy to an existing LV
( new lv must have type as copy use chlv -t copy (new lv) to change )
mklv/extendlv -a = PP alocation policy
-am = middle -ac = center -ae = edge
-aie = inner edge -aim = inner middle
migratepv -l (lv) (old pv) (new pv)
Move a logical volume between physical volumes. Both physical volumes
must be in the same volume group !
mklv -y (lv) -t jfslog (vg) (No of PP's) (pv Name optional)
Creates a JFSlog logical volume.
logform (/dev/lv) Initialises an LV for use as an JFSlog
getlvcb -AT (lv) Displays Logical Volume Control Block information
File Systems (FS's)
-------------------
lsfs Lists all filesystems
lsfs -q (fs) Lists the file system details
lsjfs Displays data about all filesystems in CSV style format
mount Lists all the mounted filesystems
mount (fs or lv) Mounts a named filesystem
mount -a Mounts all filesystems
mount all
mount -r -v cdrfs /dev/cd0 /cdrom mounts cd0 drive over /cdrom
crfs -v jfs -d(lv) -m(mount point) -A yes
Will create a file system on the whole of the logical volume, adds entry into
/etc/filesystems and will create mount point directory if it does not exist.
( use -v jfs2 for JFS2 filesystems )
crfs -v jfs -g(vg) -m(mount point) -a size=(size of fs) -A yes
Will create a logical volume on the volume group and create the file system on
the logical volume. All at the size stated. Will add entry into
/etc/filesystems and will create the mount point directory if it does not exist.
Use attribute "-a log=/dev/log01" to specify a jfslog devices
Use attrubute "-a bf=true" for a large file enabled filesystem
chfs -A yes (fs) Change file system to Auto mount in
/etc/filesystems
chfs -a size=(new fs size)(fs) Change file system size
chfs -m (new-mount-point) (fs) Change the file system mount point.
rmfs (fs) Removes the file system and will also remove the
LV if there are no onther file systems on it.
defrag -q (fs) Reports the fragment status of the file system.
defragfs -r (fs) Runs in report only defrag mode (no action).
defragfs (fs) Defragments a file system.
filesystemcheck (fs) Verify a file system, the file system must be unmounted!
filesystemcheck (-y or -n) (fs) Pre-answer questions either yes or no !
filesystemcheck -p (fs) Will restore primary superblock from backup copy if the
superblock is corrupt.
( or dd count=1 bs=4k skip=31 seek=1 if=/dev/lv00 of=/dev/lv00 )
Mirroring
---------
mklv -y (lv) -c(copies 2 or 3) (vg) (No of PP's) (PV Name optional)
Creates a mirrored named logical volume.
mklvcopy -s n (lv) (copies 2 or 3) (pv)
Creates a copy of a logical volume onto another physical volume. The physical
volume MUST be in the same volume group as the orginal logical volume !
rmlvcopy (lv) (copies 1 or 2) Removes logical volume copies.
rmlvcopy (lv) (copies 1 or 2) (pv) From this pv only!
syncvg -p (pv) Synchronize logical partion copies
syncvg -l (lv)
syncvg -v (vg)
mirrorvg (vg) (pv)
Mirrors the all the logical volumes in a volume group onto a new physical
volume. New physical volume must already be part of the volume group.
chfs -a splitcopy=/backup -a copy=2 /data1
Splits off a copy of a 3 way mirror and mount read only for use as an
offline backup.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOT LOGICAL VOLUME (BLV) / PROCESSORS / KERNEL
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mirroring does not work with the BLV as it is not a true logical volume,
bosboot must be run against the other disk after mirroring the rootvg.
bootlist -m (normal or service) -o displays bootlist
bootlist -m (normal or service) (list of devices) change bootlist
bootinfo -b Identifies the bootable disk
bootinfo -t Specifies type of boot
bosboot -a -d (/dev/pv) Creates a complete boot image on a physical volume.
mkboot -c -d (/dev/pv) Zero's out the boot records on the physical volume.
savebase -d (/dev/pv) Saves customised ODM info onto the boot device.
lslv -m hd5 Find out which disk the BLV is on.
bootinfo -y Displays which kernel can be used, 32 or 64 bit
genkex Reports all loaded kernel extensions.
lsdev -Cc processor Lists all processors
lsattr -EHl proc0 Displays attributes of processor 0. AIX 5.1L will
display processor clock frequency.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SYSTEM DUMP
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1, AIX 4.2.1 and greater supports system dump to paging space.
2, AIX 4.3.3 and greater supports system dump to mirrored paging space.
3, Primary dump device must be in the rootvg
4, Secondary dump device can be outside rootvg unless it is a paging device.
sysdumpdev -l Lists current dump destination.
sysdumpdev -e Estimates dumpsize of the current system in bytes.
sysdumpdev -L Displays information about the previous dump.
sysdumpstart -p Starts a dump and writes to the primary dump device.
sysdumpstart -s Starts a dump and writes to the secondary dump device.
(MCA machine can also dump if key is in service position and the reset
button is pressed)
sysdumpdev -p (dump device) -P Sets the default dump device, permanently
Analyse dump file :-
echo "stat\n status\n t -m" | crash /var/adm/ras/vmcore.0
snap -gfkD -o /dev/rmt0 Copy dump to tape to send to IBM support, uses tar.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGING SPACE (PS's)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lsps -a Lists out all paging space
lsps -s Displays total paging and total useage
lsps (ps)
swappon /dev/ps Activates a paging device eg /dev/paging00
swappoff /dev/ps Deactivates a paging device ( AIX 5.x only )
mkps -s(No of PP's) -n -a (vg)
mkps -s(No of PP's) -n -a (vg) (pv)
-n = don't activate/swapon now -a = activate/swapon at reboot
mklv -b n -t paging -y hd6 (vg) (No of PP's) (pv)
Creates paging space using the mklv command.
chps -a n (ps) Turns off paging space.
chps -s(No of PP's) (ps) Increases paging space.
chps -d(No of PP's) (ps) Decreases paging space ( AIX 5.x only )
chlv -n (new name) (old name) Change paging space name
rmps (ps) Remove paging space. PS must have been turned off
and then the system rebooted before it can be removed.
Note : Need to change the swapon entry in /sbin/rc.boot script if you are
changing the default paging space from /dev/hd6. You also need to
do a "bosboot -a -d /dev/hdiskx" before the reboot.
/etc/swapspaces File that lists all paging space devices that are
activated/swapon during reboot.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCHEDULING
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
crontab -l List out crontab entrys
crontab -e Edit crontab entrys
crontab -l > (filename) Output crontab entrys to a file
crontab (filename) Enter a crontab from a file
crontab -r Removes all crontab entrys
crontab -v Displays crontab submission time.
/var/adm/cron/cron.allow File containing users allowed crontab use.
/var/adm/cron/cron.deny File containing users denied crontab use.
/var/adm/cron/crontab Directory containing users crontab entries.
/var/adm/cron/log Cron log file.
at (now + 2 minutes, 13:05, etc) {return} Schedule a job using at
Command or schell script {return}
{CTRL D}
echo "shutdown -Fr" | at now + 1 minute
at -l
atq Lists out jobs scheduled to run via at command
at -
1. Useful commands
1.1 Memory
bootinfo -r shows how much RAM does my machine has (as root)
lsattr -E -l sys0 -a realmem shows how much RAM does my machine have (as non root)
rmss -c 512
rmss -r sets the memory size to 512 MB
resets the memory size to the original one
1.2 Devices
lsattr -El en0 displays en0 driver params
lsattr -El ent0 displays ent0 HW params
lsattr -El rmt0 displays tape params
lscfg -vp -l rmt0 (all information about a tape drive)
lsattr -El sys0 displays system type, firmware, etc driver params
lscfg -v lists all system HW config (NVRAM)
lsdev -Csscsi list all scsi devices
lsdev -Cspci list all pci devices
lsparent -Ck scsi list all scsi adapters
lsdevfc list fiberchannel devices
cfgmgr Configures devices
lsdev -Ccdisk Shows all disks
lsdev -Cctape Shows all tapes
cfgmgr -v -l device -v Specifies verbose output. The cfgmgr command writes information about what it is doing to standard output.
cfgmgr -v -l device Name Specifies the named device to configure along with its children.
If you only turned on a disk tower at e.g. scsi2 cfgmgr -v -l scsi2 will only configure this with detailed output.
lsdisp To check which graphic adapter is installed.
lscfg -vp -l mga0 (all information about a adapter)
lscfg -vp -l hdisk0 | grep Machine gives info about the disk manufacture type
lsslot -c pci For 6F1 only !!!! Lists all slots ,voltage,boards,etc !!!!
bootlist -m normal cd0 rmt0 hdisk0 Changes the default bootlist
lsmcode -c display the system firmware level and service processor
lsmcode -r -d scraid0 display the adapter microcode levels for a RAID adapter scraid0
lsmcode -A display the microcode level for all supported devices
1.3 System info
/usr/bin/uname -m Get machine ID
/usr/bin/uname -M Get platform type
oslevel Displays current AIX level
oslevel -r Displays current AIX maintenance level
oslevel -g List filesets at levels later than maintenance level !!!
lsps -a Paging space settings.
lscfg -vp -l proc0 (1,2,3) (all information about a processor[s])
lscfg -vp -l mem0 |pg (all information about memory modules installed)
env ulimit Environment setings - show user ulimit
bootinfo -s hdisk0 Displays disk size
lsattr -El sys0 -a systemid Determines the system serial number
lscfg -vp|grep ROM|grep -v CD Determines the system Firmware level
1.4 System issues
TERM=vt100 -If you execute a command/application and it responds with msg
‘ The type of your terminal is unknown to the system’,run those commands (In ‘ksh’)
set term=vt100 -Same (In tcsh’)
rcp -rp /dataVolumes/brisque1.1.0/jobs/flower.job sciroot@ripro3:/dataVolumes/ripro3.3.0/jobs/ -Copying a file from one Unix machine (Brisque) to another (Server) the assumption is that both machines know each other’s names (in hosts file)
dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/temp/diskimage bs=4096 -Duplicate a diskette copy from diskette to hard drive
dd if=/temp/diskimage of=/dev/fd0 bs=4096 -copy diskette image onto diskette
/usr/lpp/X11/bin/xset -display unix 0 s off -Kill display timeout
lsfs -v jfs -List of Filesystem items.
lsfs -q -v jfs -you can see also the parameter of a filesystem and thus see if e.g. /backup was or is a big_filesystem_enabled one.
Important for the 2GB File limit.
lsuser -f root Shows all user parameters (max .file size,etc)
sysdumpdev -L Check last system dump status
sysdumpdev -l Check system dump device settings
lslpp -f Upd_Timna_DTM.obj List contents of the package
1.5 Networking
ksh
for ENT in ` lsdev -Cs pci|grep ent | awk '{ print $1 }'|cut -c 1,2,4 `;do
mktcpip -S $ENT
done
exit -Shows all interfaces IP config+mask+router+DNS !
host timna1 displays station default IP address - works ONLY in DNS environment
ifconfig en0 displays en0 driver params
netstat -i displays network interfaces setting
mktcpip -S en0 #host:addr:mask:_rawname:nameserv:domain:gateway:type:start
syslab18:192.9.100.1:255.255.255.0:en0:10.4.2.12:csil.creoscitex.com:10.4.30.1:N/A:no
GREAT TCPIP info in one command !!!
showmount -e displays all exported volumes
showmount -a show who's got my filesystemsses mounted over IP !
lssrc -g tcpip displays all IP oriented processes status
entstat -drt ent0 |grep -i error display any communication errors on etn0
entstat -r Resets all the statistics back to their initial values.
arp -a shows a local arp cache
cd /usr/local/es/;res restarts appletalk
netstat -ptcp shows IP statistics
netstat -pudp shows UDP statistics
netstat -c
-s
-m client only;
server only
NFS mount
netstat -I en0 10 Trace en0 every 10 seconds
netstat -rn Display routing info with IP address (10.4.27.182)
netstat -in Shows the state of all configured interfaces
netstat -r Display routing info with full hostnames (timna2.csil.creoscitex)
nfsstat -z ;to reset NFS stats without reboot
cat /etc/resolv.conf Check DNS settings
stopsrc -g NFS To stop NFS services on a client
startsrc -g NFS To start NFS services on a client
traceroute 149.115.39.1 Trace all hobs (interconnections=routers) to the destination IP
netpmon -o netpmon.out
trcstop Traces all network processes activity into a logfile. Must be preceede by a trcstop command !
nslookup hostname Shows the DNS server name and address
ping -R -c 1 bnc2 Ping with displaying the routing info
namerslv -s | grep domain | awk '{ print $2 }' Displays a fully qualified domain name of a host
rup Shows the status of a remote host on the local network
nmonnfs Traces all NFS processes activity
mount hostname:/filesystem /mount-point Mount an NFS filesystem
mknfsexp -d /directory Creates an NFS export directory
mknfsmnt Creates an NFS mount directory
rmnfs Stops and un-configures NFS services
mknfs Configures and starts NFS services
exportfs -u (filesystem) Un-exports a filesystem
exportfs Lists all exported filesystems
exportfs -a Exports all fs's in /etc/exports file
1.6 Disks
synclvodm -vP svg3 synchronizes ODM and the disk VG info.
redefinevg svg3 Redfined VG definition in ODM
lqueryvg -p hdisk0 -Avt -reads logical volumes info from disk
bootinfo -s hdiskx Shows Megabytes available even if no volume group is assigned.
lspv -p hdiskx (PP's used, location on disk, mount point)
lscfg -vp -l hdiskx (all information about a disk/raid)
1.7 Filesystem
chfs -a size=+200000 /var increases /var FS by 100MB
du -sk /john shows directory used space in kb !!!!
mount all mounts all FS
umount /dataVolumes/rtest9.1.0 unmounts a FS
fuser -k /dev/cd0 Releases a CD that will not unmount !
fuser -c /dataVolumes/rtest9.1.0 -Find out which process_id lock the FS
istat Shows when the file was last created/modified/accessed !!!!
1.8 System monitoring
istat Shows create/modify/access file info
alog -o -t boot | more displays system boot log
w Lists login users and their programs.
who Identifies the users currently logged in
/usr/local/es/swho Identifies the Ethershare users currently logged in
last |more shows last logins
last -20 Shows recent 20 lines
last root Shows username ‘root’ login/logout record
last ftp Shows all FTP session in the record
mount shows all mounted filesystems (nfs+local)
ps -ef show all running processes
ps -ef |grep Scitex show all scitex running processes
du -ak /scitex|sort -n -r|head -10 -Display 10 biggest directories on the volume by size
find /scitex -xdev -size +2048 -ls|sort -rn +6|head -10 -to find 10 top files in the root (/) directory larger than 1 MB.”-xdev” helps searching ONLY in “/” !!!!!!!!!
history Last commands run on the system by this user
alog -ot boot Lists a log of all boot operations
grep TX /etc/environment Verify daylight settings
1.9 Performance issues
nmon a nice monitor - runs only on AIX5 and up
topas a nice monitor - runs only on AIX 4.3.3 and up
monitor -top 10 -s 2 monitors system 10 top processes with 2 seconds
iostat 2 displays disks activity every 2 seconds refresh interval
iostat -a 2 AIX5 ONLY !!!!
displays disks and ADAPTER !!!! activity every 2 seconds refresh interval
vmstat 2 ;monitors virtual memory statistics every 2 seconds (see appendix A)
sar -P ALL 2 2 Show all CPU’s activity on an SMP machine
svmon -i 2 Monitors real and virtual memory
ps auxw | sort -r +3 |head -10 -Shows top 10 memory usage by process
ps auxw | sort -r +2 |head -10 -Shows top 10 CPU usage by process
ps -auw | grep defunct Shows zombies processes (to kill - reboot or kill the parent)
filemon -O all -o filemon.out ; find / -name core ; trcstop Traces FS,LV,disks,files activityof a “find” command into a logfile (filemon.out). Must be preceded by a trcstop command.
tprof -x find / -name core ; trcstop Traces CPU activityof a “find” command Severall logfile are created. Must be preceded by a trcstop command.
tprof -ske -x "sleep 30" -Trace CPU activity for next 30 seconds.Results in file sleep.tprof
lvmstat -ev svg1
lvmstat -v svg1 2 AIX5 ONLY !!!!
enable gathering the VG statistics
Display VG logical volumes statistics every 2 seconds
1.10 Remote issues (working over the modem)
pdelay tty0; pdisable tty0 >/dev/null ;penable tty0
-Resets tty0
stty erase '^?' Makes bakespace to work
/scitex/version/utils/modem/kermit -l /dev/ttyx -c atdt {phone #} Use Unix to Dail-out (for any reason) ttyx is the serial port the cable is connected
/scitex/version/utils/modem/kermit -s /u/d0/ripro_messages -i Sends a file to a remote desktop in binary mode
/scitex/version/utils/modem/kermit -r
-Receives a file to from remote desktop
1.11 Browsing errlog with errpt
errpt -a -s 0604090601 -e 0605090901 browse the errlog in detail for all errors within a timeframe
errpt -a -N SYSPROC |more
errpt -a -N SYSPROC > /tmp/err.log Browse the errlog for the SYSPROC resource, can be into the file
errpt -j 5DFED6F1 -Browse the errlog by the identifier
errpt -A -AIX5 ONLY !!!! Shows less detailes then errpt -a
errpt -D -AIX5 ONLY !!!! eliminates double entries
1.12 Security issues
chmod -s Filename Remove Sticky Bit to a file or directory
chmod +r+w+x+t Filename Add Read+Write+Execute+Temp mode to a file or directory.
This is a ‘blanket’ change for all owner, user & group.
Numeric Access Modes
0 (---) - no access
1 (--x) - execute permissions; search permissions for directories
2 (-w-) - write access
3 (-wx) - execute/search permission and write access
4 (r--) - read access
5 (r-x) - execute/search permission and read access
6 (rw-) - read and write access
7 (rwx) - execute/search permission and read and write access
mkpasswd -f rebuild the /etc/passwd indexes in case of suspected corruption
1.13 Miscellaneous
ksh
find / -type f|xargs grep "10.4.27.181" 2> /dev/null
-Find all files containing my IP address
compress -c file > file.Z Compresses the files while keeps the original
whereis command-name Returms full path of program